
TPO, Modified Bitumen, and Built-Up Roofs
These flat-roof systems can fit different building uses and budget priorities, but their specifications are not interchangeable. Compare how each assembly handles insulation, seams, layers, attachment, drainage, UV exposure, and monsoon weather before judging the total.
- TPO uses heat-welded seams and a white reflective membrane, often mechanically attached over rigid insulation on retail and warehouse roofs.
- Modified bitumen may use a torch-applied or self-adhered granular cap sheet over a base ply for UV and monsoon-hail exposure.
- Built-up roofing combines multiple asphalt-saturated felt or fiberglass plies with hot or cold asphalt, so cost tracks with the specified ply count.


